感谢 Uncle Yeti 对《200》的解析。

请问有没有针对应试的优秀例句啊(满足托福写作即可)，请大家推荐下啊！

应试英语和实用英语的比较

By Kevin Brown

There are two kinds of English: "exam" English (i.e. for tests) and "real-life" English (e.g. for travel).

The two kinds of English require two different styles of learning

这里有两种不同的英语：应试英语和真实生活中英语的应用。

这两种英语需要有两种不同的学习方法。

EXAM English

应试英语

Analyze grammar

检查语法

Memorize vocabulary

背单词

Cram school, study with?a Taiwanese teacher

到学校，和与你母语相同的英语老师学习。

Study?books

学习书本

Write a lot

用英语写作

Practice translation

练习翻译技巧

Accuracy (no mistakes) is important

准确无误很重要

Practice intensive reading:

精读：

* Use a dictionary 使用字典

* Read slowly and carefully 细致小心的阅读

* Analyze grammar and vocabulary 仔细检查语法和单词拼写

REAL-LIFE English

实用英语

Do not analyze because fluency is speaking without thinking!

不要在意语法，只要不加思索的流利的说出来！

Memorize phrases, not individual words

记英语短语，不要死记独立的单字！

Language center, practice with?a Western facilitator

到英语角，和外教交流

?Do not study. Just practice!

不用只是学习书本。努力交流应用

Speak a lot

找机会说

Practice interpretation

练习口译技巧

Fluency (competence) is important

流利很重要

Practice extensive reading:

泛读：

* Do not use a dictionary. Guess any unknown words 不要使用字典，猜不认识的单词

* Speed read 快速阅读

* Understand the?gist (general meaning) only 理解主要意思

类似的有 华视传媒 visionchinamedia，把china放后面，为什么不放前面？

长沙有个大学名字叫中南大学，据说以前它的英文名是 South Central University, 现在改成了Central South University, 哪一个更恰当些？

希望专业认识提供宝贵意见！！！感激不尽。

      按照通常说的说法，元音是在发音过程中，由气流通过口腔而不受阻碍发出的音。元音分为前元音、中元音、后元音。
      这样的规定也是人制订的，不是说它不科学。但是这个规定，对我们记忆英文单词，造成了一定的迷惑。让我们来建立一种新体系吧，它将简化英文单词记忆，而不影响它的读音。

(1)重新定义广义元音
  a（啊） o（哦） e（鹅） i（呓） u（呜） 为广义元音。不管发音过程受不受气流阻碍，嘴唇、舌头和牙齿如何变化。
　　  [æ]这个音，是将嘴角向两边，快速发e（鹅）和a（啊）的连拼的音；其中“a(啊)”和“e(鹅)”的含量（0～100%）

中文拼音智能abc输入法［v］(鱼)这个音，是 y（呓）和 u（呜） 连拼而得，(鱼)其实是个独特的音，英文没有这个音，在希腊文有这个音．
       英文字母U的读音［ju:］,其实是i（呓） e（鹅） u（呜） 三个音连拼而得, 即音标［j］相当于i（呓）和e（鹅） 连拼．

　　比较发音：　（原来汉语拼音中，也存在字母读音的变化．）
　　ao（汉语拼音"奥"） /au/(英文音标)    可见a（啊）u（呜）连拼，更准确
　　ou（汉语拼音"欧"） /əu/(英文音标) 　可见ə（鹅）u（呜）连拼，更准确

(2)在英文单词中，发音含有广义元音的字母，为广义元音字母
                                       　 广义元音字母：a o e i u w y (L)
    英文字母 w , 虽然它单独的发音，不是纯广义元音的组合。但是在英文单词中，w  y 的发音时却是只含广义纯元音，包括五个广义元音的组合。
    英文字母L, 虽然它单独的发音, 是广义纯元音的组合．但是在英文单词中, L的发音也有辅音. 当然也有时发音为广义元音. 例如在单词 "apple" 中．所以L只能算半个广义元音字母．

(3)在单词中，广义元音字母， 通过发音，或者变化形式，或者成其它广义元音的组合，或者省略。 

         字母a的形式，和音标［ə］有相似之处，a  o e u 的书写也有相似之处，

         可以参考＂太极图＂和希伯来元音＂x＂
         举例说明：
         在单词＂water＂中，字母＂a＂通过发音，变化形式，发音为＂o(哦)＂
         在单词＂blood＂中，字母＂o＂通过发音，变化形式，发音为＂a(啊)＂

(4)【元音+＂r＂】　在英音中的＂r＂常不发音，可以减轻看到＂r＂就卷舌的条件反射；而美音则几乎见到＂r＂都卷舌。

     英文中＂r＂的读音，比较富于变化，
     例如单词＂merry＂音标［meri］，实际读音是［merei］，即中间添了一个＂e＂．

(5) 辅音    辅助元音变化，互相转换  组合/省略
由于大多数发音，在英语和汉语中都相同，因此只需将所有的发音，看成一个整体，求同存异，就可以只取其音，而不受形式的限制。

       举例：American English Pronunciation Dictionary
       根据音标，加入分隔点
        A·me·ri·can   
        En(g)·g·lish   
        Pro·nun·ci·a·tion   
        Dic·tion·(n)a·ry

英语中，DJ音标和KK音标
http://www.verycd.com/groups/@g307531/198192.topic

《朗文发音词典》(Longman Pronunciation Dictionary )3rd Edition
https://secure.verycd.com/topics/2763051/

《朗文英语发音词典》和J.C.Wells的介绍
http://www.cp.com.cn/bk/newsdetail.cfm?iCntNo=1865

一起学音标网: http://www.48yinbiao.cn英音和美音的详细介绍和对比．有图片 视频 flash

希伯来字母读音Audio和语法(点击''月牙"按钮试听)
http://www.ancient-hebrew.org/7_home.html
试听的音频文件是单声道, 打开桌面右下的"音量"控制图标,
将"主音量"的"平衡"栏, 调到最左或最右, 可以增大声音.

Reading Log Ⅶ

　　英语谚语是英语语言文学的瑰宝,是英语民族智慧的结晶。英语谚语形象生动、通俗易懂、妙趣横生,令人印象颇深,而且往往寓意深刻、富 有哲理。曾任英国首相的John Russel说：谚语是One man＇s wit, and all men＇s wisdom(一人的妙语，众人的智慧)。英语谚语以其独特的民族特色和语言特色,反映了英国劳动人民和作家长期实践积累的结晶,具有生动形象,含蓄隽永 的表达效果。
 
　　2英语谚语是美学修辞的典范

　　审美价值是自然界的对象和现象或人类劳动的产品由于具体某种属性而能 满足人的审美需要,能够引起人的审美感受。谚语作为千百年来人类劳动的产物,是集体智慧的结晶。它不仅能够教育人,而且经过去粗取精、千锤百炼,在艺术形 式上也散发出美的气息,给人以美的享受。英语谚语的修辞功能按照现代修辞学的观点,修辞的目的在于提高语言的表达效果。前者又称为交际修辞 (communicative rhetoric),后者又称为美学修辞(aesthetic rhetoric)。交际修辞,在内容的表达上偏重于炼字锻句、明确流畅,在形式的结构上偏重于平匀缜密、严谨妥帖,总体上讲究逻辑思维,叙述准确,鞭辟 入里,以有效地发挥语言的交际功能。美学修辞,在运用逻辑思维的同时,偏重于随景应情,运用想象和联想,通过修辞格唤起生动的意象,使语言文字新鲜活泼, 意蕴优美,发挥更大的感染力和说服力,取得艺术性的表达效果。英语谚语是美学修辞的典范,是英语语言的瑰宝,是英语民族智慧的结晶。

　　 3英语谚语中的修辞格
　　英语谚语中的修辞格众彩纷呈,比比皆是,它们往往起着烘云托月、画龙点睛的作用。下面对英语谚语中的修辞格作一一例证 论述,以便更好地理解、欣赏英语谚语的文化内涵,提高英语知识水平和英语审美能力。
 
　　3.1比喻就是以此喻彼。它有一个基础(心理联 想)和四项要素(即本体、喻体、相似点、相异点)。比喻可分为明喻(simile)、暗喻(Metaphor)、隐喻(metaphor)和提喻 (synecdoche)。

　　明喻(Simile)这是一种最简单也最常用的修辞方式。基本格式是A(本体) 比喻词 B(喻体),即用比喻词与另一种具有鲜明的同一特色的事物联系起来,把抽象的东西通俗化、生动化、形象化,给读者造成深刻印象。
 
　　 （1）Lovers live by love as larks live by leaks.情侣靠爱情生活,就像云雀靠韭菜生活一样。

　 　（2）To marry a woman for her beauty is like buying a house for it paints.因为美丽而娶一个女人犹如看上粉刷去买一个房子。
　　暗喻(Metaphor)暗喻也是一种比喻,但不同于明喻的是它不用比喻 词,把一事物直接当成他事物来描写,基本格式为A是B。
 
　　（3）The eye is the lamp of the body.眼睛就是身上的灯。

　　（4）Books are ships that pass through the vast sea of time.时光好比汪洋，书籍好比航船。
 
　　换喻(Metonymy)它不直接说出要说的事物,而是在联想的基础上,借 与该人或物密切相关的事物名称来代替。

　　（5）One swallow does not make a summer.独燕不成夏。用独燕代替个别现象,意指不能凭个别现象作判断。
 
　　（6）What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave.幼小所学,终生不忘。其中the cradle指birth, the grave指death。
　　提喻(Synecdoche)它与换喻相似,具有相同的表达效果。是以局部代替全体,或全体代替局部的修辞方式。

　　（7）Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。Great minds代指英雄，局部代整体。

　 　（8）Many hands make light work.人多好干活。hands代指人，局部代整体。
 
　　3.2拟人 (Personification)英谚将无生命的事物或者动物比作人(有时也将人比作动物或事物)，使描写栩栩如生、趣味盎然,增强了语言的感染力，往 往增加了生动感和表现力。

　　（9） Hedges have eyes and walls have ears.篱有眼,墙有耳。

　 　（10）An uncut gem does not sparkle.玉不琢，不成器。

　　3.3反论(Paradox)这种谚语看 似荒谬,存在矛盾,细细品味,实则暗含着哲理和智慧,具有深刻的教育意义。
 
　　（11）Good swimmers are often drowned.善游者溺。

　　（12）Haste makes waste.欲速则不达。

 3.4暗引 (Allusion)即借用历史上或传统中的典故来暗指当今人或事,亦即借古喻。今其特点是不注明出处,不引全句。所以要理解其含义,需有相关的文化背 景。

　　（13）I fear the Greeks, even when bringing gifts.敌不可轻信。出自罗马诗人维吉尔的《埃涅伊斯》,记述希腊传说中,希腊人攻打特洛伊城不下,就把藏有伏兵的木马遗留在城外,佯作退兵,特洛伊 人将木马移入城内,结果希腊人里应外合,取得胜利。
 
　　3.5反语(Irony)即说反话,有人称之为讽刺,但有失偏颇,有时用来进行 讽刺,但有时只是善意的幽默,并无讽刺意味。

　　（14）Friends are thieves of time.朋友是时间的浪费者。
 
　　3.6对照(Contrast)对照是把两种不同的事物并列起来,互相衬托比较,或是把一种事物的 正反两方面并列起来,以便更加鲜明,更加全面地表现事物本质的修辞方式。

　　（15)A colt you may break ,but an old horse you never can.小驹可训,老马难教。
 
　　3.7夸张(Hyperbole)这种修 辞故意以夸大事实,言过其实的表现形式去渲染客观事物,表达强烈的感情。具有诙谐、讽刺、褒贬之功能。
 
　　（16)A unfortunate man would be drowned in a tea-cup.人若倒霉,一杯水也能淹死。

　　3.8反 复(Repetition)用来表现强烈的情感,其强调作用,而且可形成优美的节奏。
 
　　（17) Blood must atone for blood.血债用血来还。

　　3.9对比(Antithesis)。对比是利用反义词或相互对照矛盾的语言加强语句的气势, 给人留下深刻的印象。
 
　　（18）Little strokes fell great oaks.水滴石穿。

　　 3.10回文(Chiasmus)将其归为反复,称之为逆转反复(Antistrophe)。指的是两个语言单位通过互换位置表达两个相反相成的意思。
 
　 　（19）Old young ,young old.年轻时老成,老成时才会年轻。
 
　　3.11省略(Ellipsis)即省略句中 某些结构或成份。使人看了一目了然,又印象深刻。而且在英谚中相当一部
 

（20）No bee, no honey; no work, no money.没有蜂，没有蜜，没有劳动，没有收益。
 
　　3.12重复（Repeat）英谚使用省略使语意简明，但有 时使用重复使语意突出。
 
　　（21）Let bygones be bygones.过去的事情就让它过去吧。

　　 3.13押韵（Rhyming）押韵法是重复相同的读音或字母进行押韵的修辞手法。谚语中使用押韵可增强音调的和谐与美感。

　　 （22）Liberty is no license.自由不是特别通行证。(首韵(Alliteration)即在句子的开头重复相同的字母或读音。)

　　3.14双关(pun)双关就是一语双关,是指用一个词或一句话表达两层不同的意思,借以使语言活泼生动,或借题发挥,创造一种滑稽 幽默的效果。双关可分两种。语义双关。即利用一词多义的特点使语言表达的内容有两种不同的理解。

　　（23）If we don＇t hang together，we shall hang separately.如果我们不紧紧团结在一起,那就会一个个地被绞死。
　　谐音 双关。即利用词义根本不同的谐音词构成的双关。

　　4结束语

　　泉水最清,谚语最精。英语谚语中修辞格的广泛运用,使之 精练简洁、形象生动、韵律优美、寓意深刻,具有强烈的艺术感染力和语言艺术美，富于韵律之美而不失含义的深刻,具有强烈的视觉效果却又处处展现艺术的感染 力。通过对英语谚语修辞格探讨， 能够更好地有利里于学习者掌握英语的语言特点,?更生动准确地表达思想情感,?更深刻地提高语言运用能力。同时,这对加深理解、学好用好英语也是大有帮助 的，使我们的英语学习和工作更得心应手

让我给你举个例子. 昨天，在天涯英语杂谈，有人张贴了这个广告:

作者：***** 提交日期：2009-12-8 22:35:00
Hello, I am Martin from America, I would like to teach English, if you are interested in learning it, please let me know thanks.

有人问他： "Are you for real?"

他回答:
作者：martincbd　回复日期：2009-12-10　02:48:17　  
　　hello, please contact me at *****.com for more information, English is a very important language, so you will be able to learn from the best teacher you can find, yes I am for real, and I am opening up an English school in Beijing, hope to see you guys soon!
 ==
这个人甚至不知道什么时候用逗号和何时使用句号。 他写的就是英语教师所谓“不间断句子/連寫句”，是错误的. 这错误，不仅许多中国人，也有一些英语为母语教育不好的人也会有. 这个人英语显然是不好英语，但他说他来中国建设正立学校教教英语。 或许他可以教你口语，因为口语，一些错误不能判断出来. 此外，口语没有书面英语的严格语法规则。 这就是为何聪明的商人,骗子,通通都是教英语口语, 避免教如何写作的。

修改: 请注意在哪里逗号已更改为句号。

Hello, I am Martin from America, I would like to teach English, if you are interested in earning it, please let me know thanks.
=>
Hello, I am Martin from America. I would like to teach you English. If you are interested, please let me know. Thanks.

======
hello, please contact me at l****.com for more information, English is a very important language, so you will be able to learn from the best teacher you can find, yes I am for real, and I am opening up an English school in Beijing, hope to see you guys soon!
=>
Hello, please contact me at *****l.com for more information. English is a very important language. (so you will be able to learn from the best teacher you can find,)->(This fragment is missing an introudctory clause.) Yes I am for real, and I am opening an English school in Beijing. Hope to see you guys soon!

http://www.krigline.com/Better_Writing.htm

Michael teaches English at Kunming Medical University in Yunnan, China

林老师目前在中国云南省昆明市昆明医学院担任英语 老师

(Thanks to the person below for correcting a previously incorrect url.)

Source: A Kaleidoscope of Practical Writing  by Lu Naisheng
  

(This floor is for indexes)

http://www.answers.com/topic/pun
Pun: A play on words, sometimes on different senses of the same word and sometimes on the similar sense or sound of different words. 双关语, 押韵, 俏皮话, 说双关语, 说俏皮话

(Text:From the Internet; multiple sources.
Annotated by Yeti: http://yeti.rainlane.com)
I will highlight the medical profession and the pun(s) used in each sentence. (Yeti;  http://yeti.rainane.com. 3rd, Sept., 2009)

AMA views on the Economic Stimulus

The American Medical Association has weighed in on
 the new Obama health care proposals. 
 
       
The Allergists voted to scratch it, but the 
Dermatologists advised not to make any rash moves.

Allergists 过敏症 医生
Dermatologists 皮肤科医生

Explanation:
scratch= 抓痕; however
"to scratch it"=    划掉, 勾去

rash=疹, 疹子
rash move= 草率从事的, 轻率的, 急躁的, 鲁莽的

 
The Gastroenterologist had sort of a gut feeling about it, but the Neurologist thought the Administration had a lot of nerve.
  
Gastroenterologist 胃肠病 医生
Neurologist 神经学医生

gut feeling 直觉

a lot of nerve 蠻橫 脸皮厚
 
 
The Obstetricians felt they were all laboring under a
 misconception. Ophthalmologists considered the idea
 shortsighted.  Pathologists yelled, "Over my dead body!"
 while the Pediatricians said, "Oh, Grow up!"
 
Obstetricians 产科医生
Ophthalmologists 眼科医生  
Pathologists 病理学家  
Pediatricians 儿科医生  

Explantion:

Labor: when someone is giving birth, she is said to be "in labor". Misconception is also a word play from "conception". Conception=观念, 概念 , but it also means  怀孕 aboring under a misconception.(an idiom=working with the wrong idea)
 Pathologists are the people who examine dead bodies to find the causes of death.

over my dead body= 除非我死了，否则别想=竭尽全力来阻止

The Psychiatrists thought the whole idea was madness,
 while the Radiologists could see right through it.
Psychiatrists 精神病医生
Radiologists 放射科

Radiologists "see through" the body with x-rays, NMR...etc.
"See through" something=not misled or fooled by how something looks on the surface.=看穿

 Surgeons decided to wash their hands off the whole thing. The Internists thought it was a bitter pill to swallow,
 and the Plastic Surgeons said, "This puts a whole new face on the matter...."

Surgeons 外科医生
Internists 内科医生
Plastic Surgeons 整形外科医生/美容整形外科医生

Before each surgery, surgeons wash out their hands thoroughly. "To wash your hands off" something means to "want to have nothing more to do with it".
"A bitter pill to swallow"=idiom=something hard to accept. E.g. Admitting he was wrong was, for him, a bitter pill to swallow.
 
 The Podiatrists thought it was a step forward, but the Urologists were pissed off at the whole idea.
Podiatrists 足科医师
Urologists 泌尿科医师

 The Anesthesiologists thought it was a gas, and the Cardiologists didn't have the heart to say no.
  Anesthesiologists 麻醉 师
 Cardiologists 心脏病 医生

"Gas" refers to the anesthetics administered by the anesthesiologist to put someone under. ("Put someone under"=make him unconscious.) "All a gas"=a joke/nothing important/something totally useless.

In the end, the Proctologists won out, leaving the
 entire decision up to the ass holes in Washington !!!

This is the website of the Confucius Institute (See bottom)

The flash videos have Chinese and English subtitles. Use the English subtitles as a source of good reading material.

I came across these passages while reading D.H. Lawrence's "Lady Chatterley's Lover":
Mrs. Bolten (servant) talking about her late husband to Connie (Lady Chatterley): He was one of those who wouldn't take care: like some of the first lads as went off so blithe to the war and got killed right away.......

Later on in the conversation: Oh, I felt, if it hadn't been for the pit, an' them as runs the pit, there'd have been no leaving me.......
(Chapter six, last 3 pages)

In these two examples the part of speech of the word "as" is best explained as a relative pronoun, and can be replaced by true relative pronouns like "who" or "that".

The book was published in 1928, by a renowned British writer. But I still caution those who take this to heart to be careful.

1. Most writers, renowned as they may be, often write in defiance of proper grammar.
2. The best books are written in the vernacular, rather than ordinary school English (Mrs. Bolten, being a servant, does not speak like an aristocrat, and her "harangue" is adulterated by the vernacular that is her mother tongue).

My suggestion is:

1. Recognize that this use of the word does appear in literature.
2. But when you have to use it, don't try to impress other by using "as" where it can be replaced by a true relative pronoun (who, which, that...).
3. Where "as" is used truly as a conjunction or preposition in adverbials, don't confuse it with a "relative pronoun", especially when you see adverbs like "such....as, as...as": E.g., Give me as many copies as is necessary.

I told her to take this chance to leave this God foresaken place and don't come back for nothing.

字幕的翻译是：我告诉她借此机会离开这个鬼地方，没什么事就不要回来了。

翻译得对吗？原文有没有歧义？（注：这句话出自一个美国流氓之口，英语不一定是高级分子说的标准英语，他的 "nothing“ 可能是标准英语的 "anything"，也可能事主真的是说 "nothing"）。

Four Things about Writing I Learned At Hogwarts

In recognition and celebration of the sixth Harry Potter movie, Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince, this week’s grammar tip is a little different. This week we will discuss four important things we learned about writing from J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series.

4. Use short sentences for emphasis when appropriate.

In the fifth book, the Dursleys (Harry’s aunt and uncle) threaten to kick Harry out of the house. However, a Howler (a shouting message) arrives for Petunia (Harry’s aunt) from Dumbledore which says only “REMEMBER MY LAST, PETUNIA." Petunia, recalling her earlier discussion with Dumbledore, talks her husband, Vernon, into letting Harry stay as she remembers why Harry was sent to live with the Dursleys in the first place. The message worked, even though it was short, because the content of the message mixed with the context of the situation was able to affect Petunia in such a way as to make her change her mind.

While we’re not suggesting that you howl or shout, short sentences can be very effective. Depending on the context, they can be powerful tools to strengthen your writing, because short sentences have a strong impact.

To learn about improving concision in your writing, you might be interested in reading a series of grammar tips by Candice Chovanec Melzow. These were published in 2005 and are titled, Concise Sentences: Reducing Expletive Constructions, Concise Sentences: Reducing Unnecessary Phrases, Concise Sentences: Reducing Circumlocutions, and Concise Sentences: Using Active Verbs.

3. Redundancy is annoying.

In the first Harry Potter book, a group of students in detention with Hagrid comes across centaurs in the Forbidden Forest. Whenever Hagrid asks the centaurs a question, they seem simply to repeat “Mars is bright tonight," which gets quite annoying to Hagrid.

Repeating information that adds nothing new to your writing, but just repeats information you have already given, is known as redundancy.  (In the previous sentence, you could argue that "but just repeats information you have already given" is redundant.) While you as a writer might see it as important information, the reader might get annoyed, as Hagrid did with the centaurs.

As an aside, it’s worth mentioning that there is a fine line between repetition and redundancy. While Hagrid sees “Mars is bright tonight” as redundancy, we might see it as deliberate repetition (and Hagrid’s annoyance as dramatic irony).

For more information about avoiding redundancy, you might read the handout written by Sophia Stevens and me on Repetition and Redundancy: http://www.uhv.edu/ac/grammar/pdf/repetition.redundancy.pdf.

2. Never trust spell-check.

Ron buys a Self-Correcting Quill, which corrects spelling mistakes, from his brothers Fred and George in book six. However, after a while, the quill’s power starts to wear off, and the quill starts to spell even worse than Ron would normally spell on his own.

Our own Self-Correcting Quill, our word processor’s spell check feature, can be just as unreliable. For example, the spell checker will think that to, too, and two or their, there, and they're are always correct, even in a sentence like, "There going two Mary's house too  see if their are to books they're." We know the sentence should be, "They're going to Mary's house to see if there are two books there." Editing and proofreading are most effectively done by writers using dictionaries and grammar handbooks and by friends like Hermione who can tutor and offer advice on written documents.

Dictionaries are most useful for spell checking, but readers may also be interested in previous grammar tips on Prefixes: Common Spelling Mistakes and Suffix Spelling Rules: Silent –E and Suffixes Beginning with a Vowel. 

1. Know what words mean before using them.

In Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Harry finds a spell in his used potions book, and he doesn’t exactly know what it does. All it says is “for enemies.” Later in the book, Harry uses the spell (Sectumsempra), even though he doesn’t know what it does, and harms Draco, another student.

What we can learn from this is never to use words for which we don’t know the meaning. If you don’t know what a word means, try looking it up in a dictionary. Using the wrong word at the wrong time in a piece of writing can mess up your sentence or paragraph, taking away the meaning you had intended. And the reader, trying to figure out what you mean, gets slowed down in the process.

Again, a dictionary might be most useful for understanding word meaning, but readers may also wish to visit all of our "when to use" grammar tips.
 

I learned a few things for myself, such as the "silent e", "K vs C","Hard and soft C", "th vs d" etc.

If you know of anyone who is starting to learn English pronunciation, you can steer him/her to?some of the old clips that are now available on line. Youtube has a few, but Youtube is banned in China, Iran, Turkey, North Korea, and Thailand.

Here is one website you can find old clips. They are quite simplistic. Please keep in mind they were designed for littlee kids. But simplicity does not mean useless.

http://www.sesameworkshop.org/inside/pressroom/tec/clips

Others
http://www.google.ca/search?hl=en&q=the+electric+company+tv+show+PBS&btnG=Search&meta=

From Wikipedia:

The Electric Company is an educational American children's television series that was produced by the Children's Television Workshop (now called Sesame Workshop) for PBS in the United States. PBS broadcast 780 episodes over the course of its six seasons, from October 25, 1971 to April 15, 1977. After it ceased production that year, the program continued in reruns from 1977 to 1985. CTW produced the show at Reeves Teletape Second Stage in Manhattan.
The Electric Company employed sketch comedy and other devices to provide an entertaining program to help elementary-school-age children develop their reading skills. It was intended for children who had graduated from CTW's flagship program, Sesame Street. Appropriately enough, the humor was more mature than what was seen there...

...The series premiered as a four episode mini-marathon on PBS on January 19, 2009 then becoming a weekly series, with an episode shown each Friday on most PBS stations. Like the original, this version is produced by Sesame Workshop.

辜鸿铭，精通九国的语言文化，国学造诣极深，曾获赠博士学位达13个之多。他的思想影响跨越20世纪的东西方，是一位学贯中西、文理兼通的学者，又是近代中学西渐史上的先驱人物。

辜鸿铭10岁时就随他的义父——英人布朗跳上苏格兰的土地，被送到当地一所著名的中学，受极严格的英国文学训练。课余的时间，布朗就亲自教辜鸿铭学习德文。布朗的教法略异于西方的传统倒像是中国的私塾。他要求辜鸿铭随他一起背诵歌德的长诗《浮士德》。布朗告诉辜鸿铭：“在西方有神人，却极少有圣人。神人生而知之，圣人学而知之。西方只有歌德是文圣，毛奇是武圣。要想把德文学好，就必须背熟歌德的名著《浮士德》。”他总是比比划划地边表演边朗诵，要求辜鸿铭模仿着他的动作背，始终说说笑笑，轻松有趣。辜鸿铭极想知道《浮士德》书里讲的是什么，但布朗坚持不肯逐字逐句地讲解。他说：“只求你读得熟，并不求你听得懂。听懂再背，心就乱了，反倒背不熟了。等你把《浮士德》倒背如流之时我再讲给你听吧！”半年多的工夫辜鸿铭稀里胡涂地把一部《浮士德》大致背了下来。

第二年布朗才开始给辜鸿铭讲解《浮士德》。他认为越是晚讲，了解就越深，因为经典著作不同于一般著作，任何人也不能够一听就懂。这段时间里辜鸿铭并没有停顿对《浮士德》的记诵，已经可谓“倒背如流”了。

学完《浮士德》，辜鸿铭开始学“莎士比亚”的戏剧。布朗为辜鸿铭定下了半月学一部戏剧的计划。八个月之后，见辜鸿铭记诵领会奇快，计划又改为半月学三部。这样大约不到一年，辜鸿铭已经把“莎士比亚”的37部戏剧都记熟了。

布朗认为辜鸿铭的英文和德文水准已经超过一了般大学毕业的文学士，将来足可运用自如了。但辜鸿铭只学了诗和戏剧，尚未正式涉及散文。布朗安排辜鸿铭读卡莱尔的历史名著《法国革命》。辜鸿铭此次基本转入自学，自己慢慢读慢慢背，遇有不懂的词句再去请教别人。但只读了三天，辜鸿铭就哭了起来。布朗吃惊地问“怎样了？”辜鸿铭回答说：“散文不如戏剧好背。”布朗又问辜鸿铭背诵的进度，发现他每天读三页，于是释然：“你每天读得太多了。背诵散文作品每天半页到一页就够多了。背诵散文同样是求熟不求快，快而不熟则等于没学。”

辜鸿铭所在的中学课业本来是极繁重的，但由于辜鸿铭各科在布朗身边都提前打下了基础，整个学习过程便显得毫不费力。学校的功课既然顺利进行，没事时辜鸿铭便接着记诵卡莱尔的《法国革命》。他越读越有兴致，可是读多了便无法背诵。若按布朗的要求慢慢来，又控制不了自己的好奇心。就这样时快时慢地把卡莱尔的《法国革命》读完了。后来辜鸿铭终于征得义父的同意，可以随便阅读义父布朗家中的藏书了。有许多书，辜鸿铭并没有打算背诵，但也在不经意间“过目成诵”了。

布朗对养子的寄望极高。他曾告诉辜鸿铭：“我若有你的聪明，甘愿作一个学者，拯救人类；不作一个百万富翁，造福自己。让我告诉你，现在欧洲国家和美国都想侵略中国，但是欧洲各国和美国的学者却多想学习中国。我希望你能够学通中西，就是为了让你担起强化中国，教化欧美的重任，能够给人类指出一条光明的大道，让人能过上真正是人的生活！”

依照布朗的计划辜鸿铭应该先在英国学文、史、哲学及社会学，然后再到德国学习科学。学成之后才可以回中国修习传统文化。布朗当初确实没有看错，辜鸿铭十四岁时，学术造诣就已经非一般人所能比。他只用了短短四年的时间，不仅初步完成了布朗拟定的家庭教学计划，而且基本上修完了所在中学的各门主要课程。布朗不禁暗自为养子的聪明而感到骄傲。辜鸿铭在学校里初步掌握了拉丁文和希腊文，其他课程的成绩也都很出色，已经可以申请毕业了。

大约在1872年春季，辜鸿铭正式入爱丁堡大学就读。辜鸿铭在爱丁堡大学的专修科为英国文学，同时兼修拉丁文、希腊文时又不知暗自哭了多少次。他立志遍读爱丁堡大学图书馆所藏希腊、拉丁文的文、史、哲名著。刚开始时，读多少页便背诵多少页，还没觉出什么困难；后来随着阅读量的逐渐增大，渐渐感到吃不消了。他要自己坚持，再坚持，一定要一路背诵下去。辜鸿铭晚年忆及此事时曾说：“说也奇怪，一通百通，像一条机器线，一拉开到头。”

到后来，不仅希腊、拉丁文，即如法、俄、意各国的语言、文学，辜鸿铭也能做到一学就会，触类旁通。据说辜鸿铭回国后，除本国语言外，尚能操九种文字与人交流，则其基础主要是在爱丁堡大学读书时打下的。

《论语·季氏》有云：“生而知之才者，上也。学而知之者，次也。困兽而学之，又其次也。困兽而不学，民斯为下矣。”至于“困”字的意思，旧注谓“有所不通”，钱穆先生解作“经历困境”，辜鸿铭则自谓“吃不消”。他晚年曾对人说：“其实我读书时主要的还是坚持‘困兽而学之’的方法。久而久之不难掌握学习艺术，达到‘不亦说乎’的境地。旁人只看见我学习得多，学习得快，他们不知道我是用眼泪换来的！有些人认为记忆好坏是天生的，不错，人的记忆力确实有优劣之分，但是认为记忆力不能增加是错误的。人心愈用而愈灵堂！”辜鸿铭忆起读书时的往事，不禁慨叹道：“困兽而不学，民斯为下矣！”（兆文钧《辜鸿铭先生对我讲述的往事》）则当时人们多认为辜鸿铭的博学在于他的天赋聪明，辜鸿铭自己是不承认的。

1877年4月，辜鸿铭以优秀的成绩通过了所有相关科目的考试，在英国文学方面的学位考试中又表现非凡，顺利获得了爱丁堡大学文学硕士学位。这一年辜鸿铭仅20岁。

辜鸿铭自莱比锡大学毕业后，又赴巴黎短期进修法文。布朗又为辜鸿铭联系入巴黎大学，意在让他学一些法学与政治学。其实当时辜鸿铭只22岁即已遍学科学、文学、哲学，并熟谙各国语言，造诣确非一般中国留学生可比。辜鸿铭以极快的速度读完了巴黎大学整学期的讲义和参考书，除偶尔去学校上点感兴趣的课以外，辜鸿铭每天都抽一点时间教他的女房东学希腊文。从刚开始教他学希腊文字母那天起，辜鸿铭就教她背诵几句《伊利亚特》。他的女房东笑着说：“你的教法真新鲜，没听说过。”于是，辜鸿铭就把布朗教自己背诵《浮士德》和莎翁戏剧的经过讲给她听。她说：“好，我就这样学下去。”辜鸿铭说：“等你背熟一本，你就要背两本，拦都拦不住。”

辜鸿铭的女房东常常拿着《伊利亚特》来到他的房间，把学过的诗句背给他听，请求他的指点。辜鸿铭的教法果然有效，他的女房东在希腊文方面进展神速。许多客人见辜鸿铭教她学希腊文的方法与众不同，都大为惊讶。

辜鸿铭后来曾对晚清直隶布政使凌福彭说：“学英文最好像英国人教孩子一样的学，他们从小都学会背诵儿歌，稍大一点就教背诗背圣经，像中国人教孩子背四书五经一样。”若辜鸿铭教他的女房东学希腊国土受希腊纯正的启蒙教育一般。此法乍看强度大，难度亦大，其实则不然。若由字母而单词再简单拼句，则学习者在心理上就产生学外国语言的隔阂情绪了。辜鸿铭还依此法教会了他的女房东简易的拉丁文，也不过三两个月的工夫而已。

辜鸿铭深厚的西学素养极得益于童年背诵《浮士德》、《莎士比亚》的经历。他后来在北京大学教英诗时，有学生向他请教掌握西学的妙法，他答曰：“先背熟一部名家著作作根基。”辜鸿铭曾说：“今人读英文十年，开目仅能阅报，伸纸仅能修函，皆由幼年读一猫一狗之式教科书，是以终其身只有小成。”他主张“中国私塾教授法，以开蒙未久，即读四书五经，尤须背诵如流水也。”

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